Mahayana texts such as the Lotus Sutra present three vehicles as different skillful means to reach the ultimate goal of enlightenment. This classification scheme is emphasized in East Asian Buddhism.

• Śrāvakayāna (“the vehicle of the listeners and hearers”) – this vehicle is for those motivated by renunciation; it leads to the state of arhat.
• Pratyekabuddhayāna (“the vehicle of the solitary realizer”) – Pratyekabuddhas do not depend on a teacher and can discover the Dharma even if they do not encounter a buddha.
• Bodhisattvayāna (“the vehicle of the bodhisattva”) – for those motivated by the wish to attain liberation for the benefit of all sentient beings. This path leads to complete enlightenment.

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